Abstract:
Apparently, most hydrokinetic literatures mainly concentrate on large-scale technologies such as waves,
tides and ocean current applications. This could be one of the reasons delaying the utilization of smallscale
hydrokinetic river technology in rural areas. This paper therefore critically reviews the current
status of micro-hydrokinetic river (MHR) technology for rural applications. Relevant research literatures
based on developments, applications, design, operation as well as different MHR technologies involved in
rural electrification projects have been reviewed. After conducting these reviews it has become clear that
one of the key barriers hindering the employment of MHR technology in rural areas with access to
flowing water is the lack of research demonstrating the technical, economic and environmental benefits
of this technology compared to other rural electrification techniques. Studies that look towards the longterm
perspective of techno-economic analysis inclusive of capital, maintenance and running costs
computations need to be carried out promoting the interest in utilizing this technology. This paper will
aid researchers to identify areas that need to improve as well as encourage public bodies to implement
proper energy policies regarding the MHR technology usage in rural areas. It will also create awareness
among site owners, investors, project developers and decision makers regarding the potential benefits of
using this technology in rural areas especially in countries with little or no elevation.